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| 相手方 | the other party, opponent (party), adverse party |
| あらかじめ〜に対し機会を与えなければならない | must give his opponent, in advance, an opportunity to |
| 明らか | to be clearly defined, clear, obvious, evident, unquestionably apparent |
| 〜に | distinctly, clear, apparently, evidently |
| 〜でない | to be uncertain, unknown, unclear |
| 〜にする | to explain, specifically set forth, clarify |
| 悪意 | bad faith, wrongful intent, mala fides (L.), malicious intention |
| 〜又は重大な過失でなければ | unless there has been bad faith or gross negligence on his part. |
| 〜をもって | with malicious intent, maliciously |
| 宛名 | address |
| 後の出願 | later application cf. 先の出願 earlier application |
| 争う | to contest |












